Essay about The Turks and Mongols - 4727 Words

In order to discuss the movements of Asiatic peoples into Europe from the first inroad of the Huns to the conquests of the Osmanli Turks in the sixteenth century, it will be necessary to review briefly the events in central and eastern Asia which preceded and precipitated these incursions. From the time that the Irano-Aryan ancestors had arrived in Russian Turkestan in anticipation of their descent into the hills of northwestern India, much of this grassy plain had been the home of those Iranians who remained behind while their kinsmen climbed the mountains which would take them into India and the Irano-Afghan plateau. These Iranians apparently developed, or borrowed, a high degree of adaptation to their steppe environment, and†¦show more content†¦When we view the Hunnish inroad into Europe in the light of the total context of Old World history, it ceases to be a strange inruption of hideous and invincible barbarians darting out of nowhere, as it at first appeared to the Byzantines and Romans. The Huns were a people who had been exposed to a high civilization that of China; they were cultured if illiterate, and in every sense the match of the frightened adversaries whom they met in Europe. When we examine the details of these invasions, we see that it was not one simple inroad, but a series of them in which a perplexing confusion of names is involved. Chief of the newcomers, after the Huns, were the Avars, who arrived in the sixth century. The Huns considered these their kinsmen and equals, and later amalgamated with them after the Avars had, in the eighth century, been defeated by Charlemagne and had retreated, some to Hungary and others to the Don country. From the fall of the Huns until the rise of the Mongols some thousand years later, the history of central Asia is simply a repetition of the same theme; some obscure sub-tribe would become important, win leadership over the others, and head new invasions of increasing complexity. The history of southern Russia became extremely complicated, for the steppes of the Don country served as a terminal point for all but the most serious of these movements. After the Avars came the Turks, calledShow MoreRelatedIndian Encounters:The Turks, The Mongols, and Islam985 Words   |  4 Pagesnonetheless, India and ancient Indian civilization. After the fall of the Gupta Empire in 480, small kingdoms throughout the region, which was invaded by the Turks and Mongols, but was not conquered, would rule India. The northern parts of India frequently were raided and invaded by the Turks, all the way from Afghanistan to Central Asia. Muslim Turks decided to rule a state in north India called the Delhi sultanate, which was ruled for several centuries, and in the mean time Islam gained its adherentsRead MoreExplain the impact and changes in Europe as a result of the invasions of the Vikings, Mongols and Ottoman Turks.1492 Words   |  6 Pageschanges in Europe as a result of the invasions of the Mongols? During 1211 most of Eurasia was under the control and command of Genghis Khan and his army. After Khan’s death in 1227 the Mongolian empire had expanded in to China, Central Asia, the Middle East and Europe. In 1236, Genghis Khan’s son Ogodei started his conquest of Europe and by 1240 his army had take possession of what is known today as Ukraine and Russia. Within two years, the Mongols were able to control Romania, Bulgaria and HungaryRead MoreWhat Ways Did Pastoral Societies Differ From Their Agricultural Counterparts?1431 Words   |  6 Pagesdid the Xiongu, Arabs, and Turks make an impact on World History? The Xiongu, Arabs, and Turks made a big impact on world history in many ways. The Xiongu effected a revolution in nomadic life, which transformed earlier fragmented and egalitarian societies into a centralized and hierarchical political system, in which power was stationed in a ruler, and differences in the status of clans were more pronounced. The Xiongu system created a model that later Turkic AND Mongol empires would take up. TheRead MoreThe Abbasid Dynasty for Islam888 Words   |  4 Pagesmilitary could not handle invasions. By 1000 the Seljuk Turks controlled Baghdad and the Abbasid caliphates saw this as an advantage. The Turks decided to work for the Abbasid Empire as the fighting force protecting the empire. The Turks fighting were not a mass military though, but slaves or adventurers willing to serve as soldiers. Although this lasted to the end of the empire by the fourteenth century the Ottoman Turks took over the Seljuk Turks for power. First established by al-Mutasim mameluksRead MoreThe Mongolian Empire1112 Words   |  5 PagesWhere: East Africa Why: Showed the warrior emphasis in East Africa How: Political: Allowed mobilizing of young men for military use Social: Was a sort of Social System Cultrual: Was only applied to men, patriarchy 3. Chinggis Khan Who: Founder of the Mongol Empire What: He was a ruthless leader who conquered a lot of territory When: 1206-1227 Where: His empire spread from Asia to East Africa Why: Influenced the spread of the plague and increased trade. How: Political: He conquered many people and madeRead MoreEssay about Medieval India and China1198 Words   |  5 Pagesmedieval India and China. I will compare and contrast each society’s social, cultural, political, and religious climates. In addition, explaining the civilizations economic environment during medieval times. Finally, I will describe how the Turks and Mongols influenced these two civilizations. During medieval times, India’s social climate could be considered one of an idealistic civilization. From growing crops, to the teachings of higher forms of education, India was booming with potentialRead MoreThe History of Turkey Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pagescontinued to rule the land. During the early 1000s, the Seljuk Turks became one of the first Islamic peoples to rule in modern Turkey. The Seljuk Turks began to replace the areas Greek language and Christian religion with the Turkish language and the Islamic religion. The Seljuk Empire lasted until 1243, when it was invaded and conquered by the Mongols. Because of internal problems, the Mongol Empire quickly fell apart. This allowed the Turks to continue their influence. During the 1300’s, the OttomansRead MoreGenghis Khan Essay1058 Words   |  5 Pagesnomadic lifestyle of the Mongols. Mongolian life was centered on several fragmented tribes that continuously fought each other, led by individual khans. à ¢â‚¬Å"Temujin enjoyed years of successful conquest in these tribal wars† (Adler and Pouwels, 239-41). At the age of sixteen, Temujin married Borte, a woman from another tribe. â€Å"Temujin married Borte, cementing the alliance between the Konkirat tribe and his own.† (Biography.com). Temujin was greatly feared among the Mongols, as he was known for hisRead MoreAn Old Day Passes, A New Day Arrives985 Words   |  4 Pagesenslaved and integrated into lower culture, and moving into Abbasid proper, the Turks were eventually able to dominate the culture within Persia (Bentley, 357). The recognition of Tughril Beg of the Saljuq marked the beginning of Turkish rule over the Abbasid Empire. The early Turks in Persia had been converted to Islam and with their new influence and authority they began to spread the religion through conquest. The Turks took control of neighboring nations such as Syria and Palestine and began toRead MoreIa Research Paper. Did The Siege Of Baghdad By The Mongols1284 Words   |  6 PagesIA Research Paper Did the siege of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1258 A.D. cause the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate, causing the decline of Islam s Golden Age? Identification and evaluation of the sources: The Abbasid Caliphate founded by the Abbasid Dynasty in 758 was a major mainstream Islamic Empire, stretching from Central Asia to Africa and Spain, Europe. The Mongol Khanate of Chenghis Khan from Mongolia and rapidly growing from China Sea to Central Asia. these two most paramount kingdoms of